CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer describes about research design, population, sample and sampling, variable, data and resources of data, data collecting method and technique of analysis data.
A.	Research Design

The research design of this research is descriptive quantitative approach; and research the data collected take the form of words and numbers. To define the descriptive type of research, Cresswell (1994) stated that the descriptive method of research  is to gather information about the present existing condition. The emphasis is on describing rather than on judging or interpreting. The aim of descriptive research is to verify formulated hyphotesis that refer  to the present situation in order to elucidate it. The descriptive approach is quick and practical in terms of the financial aspect. Moreover, this method allows a flexible approach, thus when important new issues and questions arise during the duration of the study, further investigation may be conducted.
Descriptive researh on the other hand is a type of research that is mainly concerned with describing the nature or condition and the degree in detail of the present situation. This method  is used to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes of particular a phenomenon. The aim of descriptive research is to obtain an accurate profile of the people, events or situations. With this research type, it is essential that the researcher already has a clear view or picture of the phenomena being  investigated  before the data collection procedure is carried out. The researcher used this kind of research to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and some conclusions and also recommendations for the study. The descriptive approach is quick and practical in terms of the financial aspect.
Quantitative research is aim to decode, describe, analyze and interpret data accurately, the meaning of a certain phenomena happening in their customary social contexts. The focus of the researchers utilizing the framework of the interpretative paradigm is on the investigation of authenticity, complexity, contextualization, mutual subjectivity of the researcher. Quantitative approach generates numerical values (Polgar & Thomas, 1995). 
The researcher opted to integrate the quantitative approach in this study due to its significant advantages. The use of quantitative data gathering method is advantageous as they more open to changes and refinement of research ideas as the study progresses; this research is aimed to investigate a study on the student’s motivation at MTsN Tunggangri Kalidawir Tulungagung  in academic year 2009/2010. 
Quantitative research is the research accumulating the numerical of anything from source of data; for example the scores of student in English lesson, the number of the student have problem  in learning English and etc.
So descriptive quantitative approach is the research that will be describe about some problem of source data by numerical data, but this research according from analyze the data in this study, the research compare between extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Beside make the descriptive quantitative data, the writer also make comparing research. 
B.	 Population, Sample and Sampling
a)	Population
According to L.R. Gay, population is the group of interest to the researcher, the group to which he or she would like the result of the study to be generalized.
Moreover, population is a collection or items in research. Is differentiated into general population and target population. General population is population in which the research take place will target population is population as the object of the research. For instance, if we want to investigate the effect of salary increase, on the work quality of students in Tunggangri, we can state the students in Tunggangri as general population and the students of MTsN Tunggangri in Tunggangri Kalidawir as target population. 
The students of  MTsN Tunggangri in Tunggangri Kalidawir will be the object of research; it means that the result on the findings of the research will only apply to the students of MTsN Tunggangri. The target population of the research is the first grade student’s of the MTsN Tunggangri Kalidawir Tulungagung in academic year 2009/2010.
b)	Sample and Sampling
Arikunto said that : “sample is a part population that researched.” Futhermore, according Arikunto explain that if the subject is change the writer take 10-15 % or 20-25 % or more, and the researcher only take one class as the sample of this research. The sample is taken using random sampling techniques. 
Sampling is the process of selecting units from population of interest, so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize result back to the population from which they were chosen.
As to this study researcher takes 10 % from all of the population at proportional sampling that uses the random. The random sampling as the lottery class by class. The lottery can defined from the participation the students in the class and in every class the researcher take only 6 students of 9 nine class from the first year student at MTsN Tunggangri Kalidawir Tulungagung.

C.	Variable, Data and Resources of Data 
1. Variable
	According to Suharsimi Arikunto stated “ Variabel adalah istilah yang selalu ada dalam setiap jenis penelitian, variabel sebagai sebuah konsep seperti bahwa laki-laki dalam konsep jenis kelamin, variabel sebagai gejala yang bervariasi.” Means that variable is term always exist in every kind of research, variable is a concept such as men kind of male, variable is a phenomenon’s variation.
Variable is everything to which the writer expects to find out the answer. In the research study there was only one variable in that was the motivation of students in learning English.

2. Data
		According to Arikunto stated “ data adalah hasil pencatatan peneliti baik yang berupa fakta ataupun angka.” Means that data is resulting of notes the researcher, they are some fact or number. 
	The resources of data classified into two, they are :
a)	Primary Data
Primary data is a data which is obtained from first source through procedure and technique of data collection. It uses interview, observation and questionnaire. In this study, the primary data are the score list of the student’s answer of questionnaire and the result of observation and interview.  
b)	Secondary Data
Secondary data is a data which collected from other sources; collected indirectly from research subject.The secondary data take from documentation, like the list of student’s name, English teacher, study consist of the brief history of MTsN Tunggangri, the profile of MTsN Tunggangri and so on. 
	3. Resources of Data
      Arikunto means that resources of data are subject where come from data to get. We can easy to identification the resources of data the writer to kind of three initial with the word before “P” kind of from language.
	P1  =  Person, the resources of data is person
	P2  =  Place, the resources of data is place
	P3  =  Paper, the resources of data is symbol	
Data source is the subject of research from where data can be classified into three sources, that is : Person, Place and Paper.
D.	Data Collecting Method 
In this research, the researcher uses some of the following method of collecting data and distributing  data. 
1)	Questionnaire
According  Margono stated “questioner adalah alat pengumpul informasi dengan cara menyampaikan sejumlah pertanyaan secara tertulis untuk menjawab secara tertulis pula oleh responden.” Means that questionnaire is information tool with giving some of question to respondents as written. Questionnaire is used to collect the data of motivation. The questionnaire is written in Indonesian language to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation through this questionnaire the researcher tries to investigate the motivation in first grade students. Questionnaire used in this study is closed questionnaire. This questionnaire used “Likert Scale” in measuring the respond of students. In this questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer the question by choosing five categories, SS, S, TS, STS, STSS. The purpose of those categorizes are to know the inclination of the respondents answer toward SS or TS. In this likert scale has favorable items and unfavorable items. For favorable items are scored SS = 5, S = 4, TS = 3, STS = 2, STSS = 1. On the contrary for unfavorable items are scored SS = 1, S = 2, TS = 3, STS = 4, STSS = 5. In this study, there are 20 items in the questionnaires. They are about the student’s responses about using questionnaire list of question. So, the highest score are 50 and the lowest score are 10. 
	Prediction Questionnaire :	
     Variable	No  	   Sub Variable	     Indicator	       Item	Maximal Score	
Student’s Motivation	1.	Intrinsic Motivation	Integrative
Instrumental	1,2,3,4,5                        
6,7,8,9,10	25
25
	
	2.	Extrinsic Motivation	Teacher
Parent
Physical Condition	11,12,13,14
15,16,17
18,19,20	20
15
15	

2)	Interview
Interview is the questioning of a person or a conversation in which information is elicited. The interview guide the teacher is used to collect the data from the teacher which could not be obtained from observation. The item of teacher’s interview contained question about teaching material, technique and improving to motivation student, and also objectives of teaching learning preparation and media in teaching learning by teacher which usually used. 

3)	Observation
According to Margono stated “ observasi diartikan sebagai pengamatan dan pencatatan secara sistematik terhadap gejala yang tampak pada objek penelitian.” Means that  observation is some notes as systematic with the influences in the research. In this observation the researcher  will check list to collect the data during the observation using field notes to make presentation data. 
A.	Technique of Analysis Data 
This data will be analyzed by using inductive and deductive methods.
1)	Inductive method
To take conclusion started from specific statement or specific fact into general conclusion. It means that the researcher discusses the obtained data before coming to the general conclusion.
2)	Deductive method
To take conclusion started from general statement into specific statement by using ratio (rational thinking). It means that the researcher should discuss the problem from the general theory, assumptions, etc and then relate it with the specific data to take conclusion.
So, in this study researcher uses deductive method to analyze chapter II (review of related literature). It means that researcher getting information or data from some books and makes conclusions specifically. In addition, the researcher uses inductive method  to analyze chapter IV (research finding and discussion).