CHAPTER III 
RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents five points discussing research design, setting and subject of study, research procedure, kind of data and data source and data collecting method and instrument.  
A.	Research Design
Qualitative research gives special attention to the subjective side of live. They focus upon the social contraction of such thing as “intelligence education need” behavior problem and so on. The forms of qualitative researches are such as ethnography, case study and action research. 
The research is designed to solve practical problem in the process of teaching and learning vocabulary. The technique offered is used one alternative technique providing the student to be able to master vocabulary. 
The design of the research is categorized into collaborative (between the researcher and the teacher of MA-Al Ma'arif Tulungagung) classroom action research (CAR) because process teaching and learning is real activity with action in the classroom directly or action in teaching learning vocabulary. Action research is reflective research conducted by giving certain action to improve and increase the quality of learning practice in the classroom. 
In the procedure and the implementation process the stages are done in repeated cycles. Planning is made based on the analysis of finding taken from reconnaissance. Implementing the action is done by English teacher collaborates with observer in implementing teaching vocabulary by using song presentation. Through collaboration, teacher and observer will be easy to the real problems. Reflecting is done by both, the researcher and the collaborator teacher showing the result of action done in each action and re-planning of the next cycle, if the action of each cycle is considered unsuccessful or the result of the learning and teaching process does not meet the predetermined criteria of success yet. However, if the action done have met the proposed criteria other cycle does not need to be carried out. The researcher uses procedure employed by Kemmis & Mc Taggart. 
Diagram 2 Kemmis & Mc Taggart Model (1988) 

Diagram 3 Actual Procedures CAR

Planning the Action 
Preparing 
1.	Strategy  implementation
2.	Lesson plan
3.	Field note
4.	observation sheet 
5.	Interview guide
6.	criteria of success  

Observing
Instruments and collecting data 

Reflecting on the Action -Analysis 
1.	Analysis
Analysis the teaching and learning process, learning result, and the result distributed instrument  
2.	Conclusion   

Observation 
(reconnaissance)
1.	Identifying the setting of the study at MA Al-Ma'arif Tulungagung
2.	Interviewing the English teacher. In related with the strategy that had been applied, the students' problems.
3.	Observing the teacher's and the students' activity in the classroom since teaching practice (PPL)

Analysis and Finding 
a.	Strength 
Almost all students can play the musical instruments; it means that all students in the class have an excellent sense of music.
b.	Weakness 
1)	Process teaching and learning English always make students bore and sleepy
2)	The ability of students’ vocabulary which is still very low, because the students could not provide or organize the meaning of word in a paragraph and they can not differentiate between word and idiom.     

Implementing the Plan 
Carrying out teaching vocabulary by using song presentation 

   Fail

STOP

Succeed

B.	Research Setting and Subject of Study 
The study will be implemented on April till June 2010. The researcher conducts the CAR to the second grade of MA Al-Ma'arif Tulungagung, because this school gives signal attention to the English Subject such as adding schedule in English conversation. Beside the second grade students have unique habits such as they always make a group and sing a song together. The researcher has observed since September 2009 during Teaching Practices there (PPL). 
However the researcher observed and found problem on the ability of students’ vocabulary which is still very low. The students could not provide or organize the meaning of word in a paragraph and they can not differentiate between word and idiom. 
Vocabulary ability involves more than just knowing a lot of lexical items; learner must have been ready to access to that knowledge and be able to draw on it effectively in performing language-use tasks. In addition they need to have strategies for dealing with situation where their vocabulary knowledge is insufficient to meet their communication need
 Mastery vocabulary will be seen from the different score between pre-test and post-test of the students. 
 
C.	Research Procedure 
The study conducted is action research through the following stages: reconnaissance, planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. 
1.	Reconnaissance  
Reconnaissance is preliminary observation that is important to do to get information about the real condition of the class including the teacher’s technique used in the process of teaching and learning. To do that the activity of interviewing and observing the vocabulary teacher and the students' activity in the classroom are carried out.
 The reconnaissance is begins with identifying the setting of the study; the second grade of Ma Al-Ma'arif Tulungagung, interviewing the English teacher. In related with the strategy that had been applied, the students' problems, and observing the teacher's and the students' activity in the classroom since teaching practice (PPL). The researcher then analyzes the strength and weakness in this class and find:
a.	Strength 
Almost all students can play the musical instruments; it means that all students in the class have an excellent sense of music.
b.	Weakness 
1)	Process teaching and learning English always make students bore and sleepy
2)	The ability of students’ vocabulary which is still very low, because the students could not provide or organize the meaning of word in a paragraph and they can not differentiate between word and idiom.     
2.	 Planning 
In this step, the researcher clarified about who, why, when, where, for who and how this research apply. This question will be clarified in lesson plan, field note, observation sheet and interview guide and criteria of success. Before doing the action a good preparation is done, the researcher collaborate with a teacher to decide and provide a suitable strategy, design lesson plan, prepare activity and criteria of succeed. 
a.	Providing a Suitable Strategy
During Teaching Practices (PPL), the researcher observed and found problem on the ability of students’ vocabulary which is still very low. It is because the students could not provide or organize the meaning of word in a paragraph and they can not differentiate between word and idiom.     
And other special phenomenon is almost all students can play the musical instruments. It means that all students in the school have an excellent sense of music. Whereas music can be brought to the level of conscious awareness where it can be used for learning and music can be analyzed both by linguistic and learning theorist. 
From the phenomenon above, the researcher and the teacher thought about suitable strategy by using song presentation to increase students' vocabulary mastery. The strategy implemented by the researcher in general detail scenario of vocabulary class as shown in the table below.  
Table 3 the Scenario of teaching vocabulary by using song presentation strategy
Process teaching and vocabulary by using song presentation	Teacher and students activity 	
Pre activity 	1.	The students prepare the song that interesting topic to presentation two day before process teaching and learning started.
2.	The teacher opens the class by greeting to the student.
3.	Teacher checks the students' attendance. 	
Pre-song presentation 	1.	Teacher provided an explanation of competencies to be achieved.
2.	The teacher prepares the presentation of song.	
While-song presentation 	1.	Prepare the students  to presentation 
2.	Go trough the word 
a.	The student gap filling in the blank lyric of song 
b.	The students look for the synonymy and antonym
c.	Vocabulary analyze  
3.	Speak the song line by line 
4.	Sing a line at the time 
5.	Add rhythm accompaniment
6.	Create new verse for the song 
7.	Enjoy sing a song together 	
Post-song presentation 	1.	Vocabulary teacher gives feedback 
2.	evaluation
3.	teacher close the vocabulary class	

Before implementing the strategy, the researcher performs pre-test to measure the level of the students' ability in the beginning of the interaction process.
b.	Designing Lesson Plan 
After presenting the strategy that is applied in the learning process, the researcher and the collaborator teacher design a lesson plan. In (PP NO 19 YEAR'S 2005 Chapter 20), Lesson plan is developed by considering the following items: (a) course identity, (b) learning objectives, (c) procedure of implementation and (d) material, (e)method and media of teaching and learning, (f) source of learning and (g)evaluation, as shown in the table below. 

Table 4 the standard of lesson plan

c.	Preparing Criteria of Succeed
This study is directed to give treatment to the students whose ability in teaching and learning vocabulary is low. In other word, this study intends to solve practical problem in the classroom of second grade of MA Al-Ma'arif Tulungagung. The two pre-detrained criteria of success in this study are :(1) If they mean score individual is greater than or equal to 70, (2) If 80% of the students get greater than or equal to 70 and (3) The students active and enjoy in process teaching vocabulary by using song presentation
The first and the second indicator are established based on result of the vocabulary test. Meanwhile, the third criteria are analyzed based on the result of the observation sheet and field note and interview guide.   
3.	Implementation 
Implementation refers to planning such as scenario of teaching vocabulary by using song presentation, lesson plan and criteria of success which should be harmonized.   
The teaching vocabulary by using song presentation is implemented to the second grade students. The implementation follows schedule of English in semester II. English has 3 meeting time in a week with 2x45 minute/ per time, but this study only can use 2 meeting in one week because this school will be carry out summative test. 
 The researcher, in this case takes the position as vocabulary teacher implementing the technique during the teaching and learning vocabulary by using song presentation and English teacher as the observer. The vocabulary teacher collaborates with observer in implementing teaching vocabulary by using song presentation. The researcher and the collaborator then discussed the result of the teaching. 
In the implementation, the researcher needs 4x meeting/ action; First, the implementation of pre- test; second, the implementation of teaching vocabulary by using song, and then the implementation of teaching vocabulary by using song presentation, and the last, the implementation of post-test. 
4.	Observation 
Observation is activity of recording and collecting data by using observation sheet, field note and interview guide about aspect or events that are happen in process of teaching and learning. In conducting accurate observation, the English teacher focused on the activities done by the students and the vocabulary teacher during the teaching and learning process. 
In observation the vocabulary teacher is used analyze, not only activity in process of teaching and learning by using song presentation but also the researcher use result of students score. To compare between process and result of the students score, the vocabulary teacher use triangulation to make conclusion.   
5.	Reflection 
This part covers two important points: data analysis and reflection. Data analysis deals with analyzing data to obtain and reflection deal with:
a.	Data analysis
The data are classified according to the kinds of data and the source of the data. The data taken from result of the observation, field note interview are described qualitatively. Meanwhile the data takes from the result of the students test are presented in table. To compare between process and result of students score, the vocabulary teacher is used triangulation to make conclusion.   
b.	Reflection  
In reflection stage, the researcher and the collaborator teacher and the students evaluate the effect of the action. This activity is done at the end of each cycle to evaluate whether or not the effect of the action meets the criteria of success. The aim of the reflection is determined whether the research has to continue to the next cycle. 
D.	Kinds of Data and Data Source
The activity of collecting data correctly and precisely is a core of action research and analyzing data correctly will give a life of our research activity.  There are two data used in this study; qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted by observing what students do and say. The qualitative data are taken from result of observation during teaching and learning process and interview by using the observation sheets, field note and interview guide in each cycle. 
Quantitative data emphasize to analyze in numerical data, quantitative data is taken at the first and the end of each cycle by administering pre test and post test. Pre-test and post-test will be analyze quantitative with simple formula such as show in the table below: 
1.	Score of learning goal

Score of learning goal= ∑score students get x 100 
∑ Score maximal 	

Table 5 Score of learning goal

After gathering data, the researcher analyzes stage of success to analyze students score and observation sheet is show in the table below: 
Table 6 stage of success

a.	90%-100% = A (Very good)
b.	80% - 89% = B (Good)
c.	65% - 79% = C (Ok)
d.	56% - 69% = D ( Bad)
e.	0%   - 55% = C ( Fail )

2.	
Mean (Mx) = ∑score students get 
         ∑ Students 	

Mean (Mx)

Formula (Mx) is useful to know mean of total students who follow process of teaching and learning vocabulary by using song presentation.

3.	

 Difference (D) = Post-test- Pre-test 

Difference (D) 

Formula (D) is useful to know the difference between pre-test and post test, and to know result of process teaching and learning goal. In formula (D) there are symbols such as (+) its means that process students' learning increase, (-) it's meant that process students' learning decrease.   
4.	Highest score (H) and Lower score (L) 
Highest score and Lower score are useful to know the student who has a high score and low score.
E.	Data Collecting Methods and Instrument 
The methods of collecting data in the research are as follows: 
1.	Observation 
Observation is monitoring and note of phenomenon in research. Observation is used to collect data about geographical location, the facility of this school, and teaching learning process in the class. The instrument is used observation sheets. (See appendix IV) 
2.	Field note 
Field note is used to note the important thing during the teaching and learning process in every cycle. 
3.	Interview 
Interview is the process of oral questioning between two people. The instrument is used interview guide.(see appendix VII) 
The purpose of interview is to know the point of view of subjects (students) and teacher about the condition before and after activity of process teaching and learning by using song presentation.   
4.	Documentation 
Documentation is the data collecting method used by the researcher by using written object; such as books, document, note and journal. The data collected by this method are organization structure, infrastructures, vision and mission, the brief story of MA Al-Ma'arif Tulungagung
5.	Test
Suharsimi arikunto states that test is a several questions, experience or other means, which is used to measure the skill or knowledge of a person or a group of people. Based on the statement it can be understood that test is a method to collect the data by giving some questions or exercises to the respondent. 
The researcher used objective test covering gap filling or cloze test with 2 completion test items. The score is 2 for each question. Completion test items contain 10-20 questions. This test will be done in two stages, pre test and post test in each cycle. 
The purpose of pre- test is to know capability of each student before following process of teaching and learning by using song presentation. And purpose of post-test is to know or measure the students' ability after following process of teaching and learning by using song presentation. (See instrument in appendix II) 
6.	Triangulation method
Triangulation is a process getting a fix from each observe, to increase sharpness in the result of observe through kind of collecting data, to compare between observation sheet, interview guide and file note and check validity of data or analyze data, its same or not.  Triangulation is to make conclusion.