CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

	This chapter describes the research methodology. It covers following topics: research design, subjects of the study, sources of data, method and instrument of data collection, and data analysis.
A.	Research Design
Research is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method to the study of problems. It is also a systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing information data for some purposes. There are two kinds of research; qualitative research and quantitative research. In qualitative research, the data are presented in words or pictures because it has the natural setting as the direct source of data. And in quantitative research, the data are represented with numbers.
In the study, the writer has to analyze how the Management of Face is realized in the dialogues of the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne. The writer uses qualitative approach because the data in the research is in form of words in the dialogues of the novel. Moreover, in analyzing the dialogues, illustration in words  are the best choice. 
Meanwhile, as Bogdan and Biklen stated, describing data is one of the features of of qualitative research. Similar to Bogdan and Biklen, Crosswell stated that qualitative research is descriptive in that the reseacher is interested in process, meaning, and understanding gained trough words or picture. Moreover, as Fatimah Djajsudarma stated, descriptive research method is used to make a systematic, accurate and factual description of the data. Because the writer has to describe the realization of the Management of Face in the dialogues of the novel as clear as possible and intelligible, she uses descriptive design in the research.

B.	Subjects of the Study
The subjects of the study are the dialogues in the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne which first published in 1869. In order to make the dialogues make sense and analyzable, the writer takes the narration in the novel as the context of the dialogues.

C.	Sources of Data:
It is impossible to conduct a research without data. A researcher get the data of the research from the source of data. Lofland and Lofland, as quoted from Anita Ratnasari (2009), stated that the main source of data in qualitative research is utterance or behavior, and other sources are letters, pictures and statistics. And Arikunto mentioned that person, place and paper are sources of data of qualitative research. 
In the study, the writer derives the data from the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne. The writer uses the adapted edition which is published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta in 2003. The Novel is adapted by Mary Tomalin for non-English speakers. Nevertheless the novel is adapted version, the whole story within plot and characters are not changed. Hence, the novel is enjoyable and the dialogues and the narrations inside are still very interesting to be analyzed. 

D.	Method and Instrument of Data Collection
In the study, the writer of the study chooses documentation method in collecting the data because the subjects of the study are the dialogues of the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. As Suharsimi Arikunto stated, in conducting research of which the source of the data is in written form such as letters, books, papers, etc. the researcher should use documentation method.  
To collect the data, the writer takes the following stages: 
1.	Reading and understanding the novel.
2.	Selecting the dialogue containing the strategies of the Management of Face and Speech Acts.
Since the study was conducted in descriptive-qualitative method, the writer is the key instrument of the study in collecting and analyzing the data. As the key instrument, the writer constructs the data and examines its parts in order to make the data intelligible.   

E.	Data Analysis
According to Bogdan and Biklen, the process of data analysis in a qualitative research is like funnel: things are open at the beginning or top and more directed and specific at the bottom.
In the study, after collecting the data and studying theories from several related references, the writer analyzes the data by following these steps:
1.	Elaborating the theories related to the problems and anything needed which would established it as the key of the analysis based on the purpose of study. 
2.	Taking the dialogue as the pragmatic phenomenon and the narration as the context. 
3.	Analyzing the dialogue based on the Management of Face and Speech Acts theory in order to know the strategies of the Management of Face and the illocutionary acts found in the dialogues containing the Management of Face.
4.	Making conclusion.