Fiqh–Sufism Dialectics in Wahidiyah Teachings: An Integrative Model of Islamic Legal Thought in Indonesia

Asmik Nasikah, - and AKHYAK, 196710291994031004 and Iffatin Nur, 197301111999032001 and Syamsun Ni'am, 197302142000031001 and Rohmatulloh, - (2026) Fiqh–Sufism Dialectics in Wahidiyah Teachings: An Integrative Model of Islamic Legal Thought in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah MIZANI: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi, dan Keagamaan, 13 (1). pp. 1-25. ISSN P-2355-5173 / E-2656-9477

Text Fiqh–Sufism Dialectics in Wahidiyah Teachings (An Integrative Model of Islamic Legal Thought in Indonesia).pdf Download (797kB)

Abstract

This article examines the dialectical integration of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and Sufism (taṣawwuf) within Wahidiyah teachings in Indonesia and critically explores its implications for contemporary Islamic legal thought. Employing a qualitative normative-legal approach combined with philosophical analysis, this study analyzes Wahidiyah doctrinal texts alongside classical fiqh literature and authoritative Sufi works through deductive legal reasoning, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah analysis, and ethical–spiritual interpretation. The findings demonstrate that Wahidiyah articulates a systematic and operational integrative framework in which fiqh provides normative structure and legal certainty, while taṣawwuf functions as an ethical–spiritual orientation that animates legal reasoning and practice. This integration is concretely structured through a hierarchical sequence of principles—lillāh–billāh, li al-rasūl–bi al-rasūl, li al-ghawth–bi al-ghawth, yuʿṭī kulla dhī ḥaqqin ḥaqqah, and taqdīm al-aham fa al-aham thumma al-anfaʿ fa al-anfaʿ—aligning intention, authority, obligation, and priority within Sharīʿah boundaries. Departing from previous studies that predominantly frame Wahidiyah as a devotional or cultural Sufi movement, this article conceptualizes Wahidiyah as an integrative model of Islamic legal philosophy. It contributes theoretically by demonstrating how Sufi ethical consciousness can be methodologically incorporated into jurisprudential reasoning without undermining legal certainty. Methodologically, the study offers a maqāṣid-oriented analytical framework for examining spiritually grounded legal practices. Practically, it provides an alternative paradigm to rigid legalism and unstructured mysticism by showing how spirituality, legal normativity, and ethical responsibility can be systematically harmonized in contemporary Muslim life. By positioning Wahidiyah as a transferable model of fiqh–tasawwuf dialectics, this research advances contemporary Islamic legal theory and offers a contextually grounded approach to developing spiritually informed yet normatively coherent jurisprudence in plural Muslim societies. Artikel ini mengkaji integrasi dialektis antara fikih dan tasawuf dalam ajaran Wahidiyah di Indonesia serta menganalisis secara kritis implikasinya bagi pemikiran hukum Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif normatif-yuridis dengan analisis filosofis terhadap teks-teks doktrinal Wahidiyah, literatur fikih klasik, dan karya-karya tasawuf otoritatif, melalui penalaran hukum deduktif, pendekatan maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, serta interpretasi etis-spiritual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Wahidiyah membangun suatu kerangka integratif yang sistematis dan operasional, di mana fikih berfungsi sebagai struktur normatif dan sumber kepastian hukum, sementara tasawuf berperan sebagai orientasi etis-spiritual yang menghidupkan penalaran dan praktik hukum. Integrasi ini dikonkretkan melalui rangkaian prinsip berjenjang—lillāh–billāh, li al-rasūl–bi al-rasūl, li al-ghawth–bi al-ghawth, yuʿṭī kulla dhī ḥaqqin ḥaqqah, serta taqdīm al-aham fa al-aham thumma al-anfaʿ fa al-anfaʿ—yang secara simultan menyelaraskan niat, otoritas, kewajiban, dan skala prioritas dalam batasan Sharīʿah. Berbeda dari studi-studi sebelumnya yang umumnya memposisikan Wahidiyah sebagai gerakan tasawuf praksis atau fenomena kultural, artikel ini mengonseptualisasikan Wahidiyah sebagai model filsafat hukum Islam integratif. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran etis-spiritual berbasis tasawuf dapat diintegrasikan secara metodologis ke dalam penalaran fikih tanpa mengorbankan kepastian hukum. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka analisis berbasis maqāṣid untuk membaca praktik hukum yang berlandaskan spiritualitas. Secara praktis, temuan ini menghadirkan paradigma alternatif terhadap legalisme kaku dan spiritualitas yang tidak terstruktur dengan memperlihatkan bagaimana spiritualitas, normativitas hukum, dan tanggung jawab etis dapat diselaraskan secara sistematis dalam kehidupan Muslim kontemporer. Dengan memosisikan Wahidiyah sebagai model dialektika fikih–tasawuf yang dapat ditransfer ke konteks lain, penelitian ini memperkaya pengembangan teori hukum Islam kontemporer serta menawarkan pendekatan kontekstual bagi perumusan yurisprudensi yang berlandaskan spiritualitas namun tetap koheren secara normatif dalam masyarakat Muslim yang plural.

Actions (login required)

View Item