CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES PRESENTED BY JACK AND ROSE AS THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “TITANIC” MOVIE SCRIPT BY JAMES CAMERON

ELICTRINA DAMAYANTI, 17203153094 (2019) CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES PRESENTED BY JACK AND ROSE AS THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “TITANIC” MOVIE SCRIPT BY JAMES CAMERON. [ Skripsi ]

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Damayanti, Elictrina. 2019. Conversational Implicatures Presented by Jack and Rose as the Main Characters in “Titanic” Movie Script by James Cameron. Thesis, English Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. The Advisor : Dr. Erna Iftanti, S.S., M.Pd. Keywords : Conversational implicature, generalized conversational implicature, particularized conversational implicature, maxim. This research focuses on implied meaning of utterances in “Titanic” movie using Grice and Yule theory of implicature. Implicature is a component of speaker meaning that constitutes an aspect of what is meant in a speaker’s utterance without being part of what is said. Based on the background of research, this research is conducted with the following problems: (1) what was the type of conversational implicatures are identified in the conversations done by Jack and Rose, the two main characters in the Titanic movie and which type was produced more frequently ? And (2) what maxims were violated or floated in the conversational implicatures ? This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method based on Grice theory of implicature. The data are in form of movie script of “Titanic” movie. Data analysis revealed some findings covering the formulated research questions. Firstly, the utterance is a kind of generalized conversational implicature when the speaker produced an utterance which does not depend on particular features of the context. Since the utterances are clear, the hearer can interpret the meaning easily based on their general knowledge. Secondly, the utterance is kind of particularized conversational implicature when the speaker produced an utterance which depends on particular features of the context. The hearers are required to hear the explanation from the speaker in order to understand the meaning of the speaker’s utterance. This findings of the research indicates that there were two types of conversational implicatures found in “Titanic” movie those are generalized conversational implicature (GCI) and particularized conversational implicature (PCI). Related to the focus of the study, those kinds of conversational implicatures consists of 12 generalized conversational implicatures and 8 particularized conversational implicatures. It means that generalized conversational implicature (GCI) is produced more frequently than particularized conversational implicature (PCI). Some utterances which contain generalized conversational implicature are often used by every person because it does not need any specific knowledge to be interpreted. It has been proved by the number of data found by the researcher. While the second type, particularized conversational implicature is used only by someone who has specific knowledge. Therefore, this type was rarely found in this research. Furthermore, after analyzing “Titanic” movie, the researcher also found that conversational implicatures are rising because of the character does not observe the cooperative principle (non-observance maxims) namely flouting or violating the maxims. There were the violated maxims of quantity, quality, manner, and relation and the flouted maxims of quantity, quality, manner, and relation. And the violated maxim of quantity is dominant uttered by the main characters in this movie those are Jack and Rose, because many utterance give not enough or more information than required. Finally, this research can give suggestion to the next researcher in developing the same topic of research with adding some different things. For example in research problems, theory, and object of the research such as printed media (newspaper), recorded conversation in real life, speech, debate contest, stand-up comedy or even in social media.

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