MAXIM VIOLATIONS IN THE DIALOGUES OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND (A Pragmatic Analysis)

OLGA KUSUMA SARI, 1860203222167 and ANIS AZIMAH, 198606012025212047 (2026) MAXIM VIOLATIONS IN THE DIALOGUES OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND (A Pragmatic Analysis). [ Skripsi ]

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Abstract

Literary works are commonly used to share ideas. Novel is one of literary work that can be used by the writer to share their thoughts to the reader, using the characters and narration invented. In a novel, the characters’ dialogues may be used as one way to deliver ideas or messages. This study examines the violation of conversational maxims in the dialogues of the Indonesian well-known novel This Earth of Mankind that written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer using Grice’s Cooperative Principles, which includes maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance or relation, and maxim of manner. Grice’s communication framework might not be fulfilled in conversation with particular reason, in other word, it is violated. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of maxim violations and their frequent that occur in the novel This Earth of Mankind among the characters’ dialogue. This research employs a descriptive quantitative design with the data gathered from the novel, as the primary data source. Researcher will find utterances in the characters’ dialogues that are required violate the maxims that are gathered on each chapter as the data. The utterances would be analyzed to determine the types of maxim violations based on Grice’s framework, including the situations also the speaker’s intentions. Trustworthiness is employed to ensure the result of the data obtained, including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. The result shows 67 utterances were found containing maxim violations, and the findings reveal that a total of 88 maxims were identified, since several utterances contain more than one maxim violation. The most frequent violation found in the maxim of relevance or relation, occurring 34 times (38.6%), followed by the maxim of quantity and manner, each occurring 22 times (25%), and the least frequent is the maxim of quality, occurring 10 times (11.4%). Some of the characters avoid giving direct answer, shifting topics, or addressing certain issues. In conclusion, the maxim violations functioned as pragmatic strategies to develop the characters and used to show the social hierarchy, emotional tension, and power imbalance influenced to the style of speaking. Keywords: Maxim, Violation, Maxim Violation, Novel, This Earth of Mankind

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